Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Article

Thyroid
Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma as an Acceptable Management Option with Additional Benefits: A Comprehensive Systematic Review: Jee Hee Yoon, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):152-163. Published online January 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1794

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Background
Active surveillance (AS) has been introduced as a management strategy for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) due to its typically indolent nature. Despite this, the widespread adoption of AS has encountered several challenges. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the safety of AS related to disease progression and its benefits compared with immediate surgery (IS).
Methods
Studies related to AS in patients with low-risk PTC were searched through the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed databases. Studies on disease progression, surgical complication, quality of life (QoL), and cost-effectiveness were separately analyzed and narratively synthesized.
Results
In the evaluation of disease progression, the proportions of cases with tumor growth ≥3 mm and a volume increase >50% were 2.2%–10.8% and 16.0%–25.5%, respectively. Newly detected lymph node metastasis was identified in 0.0%–1.4% of patients. No significant difference was found between IS and delayed surgery in surgical complications, including vocal cord paralysis and postoperative hypoparathyroidism. AS was associated with better QoL than IS. Studies on the cost-effectiveness of AS reported inconsistent data, but AS was more cost-effective when quality-adjusted life years were considered.
Conclusion
AS is an acceptable management option for patients with low-risk PTC based on the low rate of disease progression and the absence of an increased mortality risk. AS has additional benefits, including improved QoL and greater QoL-based cost-effectiveness.

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It Is Time to Understand the Additional Benefits of Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Kyeong Jin Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 95. CrossRef

Review Article

Thyroid
Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: A Position Statement of the Korean Thyroid Association: A Ram Hong, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):175-189. Published online April 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1701

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Thyroid hormones play an important physiological role in maintaining adult bone structure and strength. Consequently, thyroid dysfunction is related to skeletal outcomes. Overt hyperthyroidism is an established cause of high bone turnover with accelerated bone loss, leading to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Hyperthyroidism induced by thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is a cause of secondary osteoporosis. In contrast, there is a lack of evidence on the negative impact of hypothyroidism on bone health. Considering the clinical updates on the importance of bone health in thyroid dysfunction, the Task Force from the Clinical Practice Guidelines Development Committee of the Korean Thyroid Association recently developed a position statement on the evaluation and management of bone health of patients with thyroid diseases, particularly focused on endogenous hyperthyroidism and thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive therapy-associated hyperthyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Herein, we review the Korean Thyroid Association’s position statement on the evaluation and management of bone health associated with thyroid diseases.

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Diagnosis and therapeutic approach to bone health in patients with hypopituitarism
Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej, Aleksandra Zdrojowy-Wełna, Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska, Łukasz Gojny, Marek Bolanowski
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Original Articles

Thyroid Thyroid Cancer Screening
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Harms of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review: Ji Yong Park, Wonsuk Choi, A Ram Hong, Jee Hee Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):104-116. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1669

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Background
There have concerns related with the potential harms of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). We aimed to summarize the clinical complications and evaluate the safety of FNAB.
Methods
Studies related with the harms of FNAB were searched on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, and KoreaMed from 2012 to 2022. Also, studies reviewed in the previous systematic reviews were evaluated. Included clinical complications were postprocedural pain, bleeding events, neurological symptoms, tracheal puncture, infections, post-FNAB thyrotoxicosis, and needle tract implantation of thyroid cancers.
Results
Twenty-three cohort studies were included in this review. Nine studies which were related with FNAB-related pain showed that most of the subjects had no or mild discomfort. The 0% to 6.4% of the patients had hematoma or hemorrhage after FNAB, according to 15 studies. Vasovagal reaction, vocal cord palsy, and tracheal puncture have rarely described in the included studies. Needle tract implantation of thyroid malignancies was described in three studies reporting 0.02% to 0.19% of the incidence rate.
Conclusion
FNAB is considered to be a safe diagnostic procedure with rare complications, which are mainly minor events. Thorough assessement of the patients’ medical condition when deciding to perform FNABs would be advisable to lower potential complications.

Citations

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A Narrative Review of the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong Gyu Na
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 61. CrossRef
Fine-needle aspiration cytology for neck lesions in patients with antithrombotic/anticoagulant medications: systematic review and meta-analysis
Dongbin Ahn, Ji Hye Kwak, Gill Joon Lee, Jin Ho Sohn
European Radiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
To Screen or Not to Screen?
Do Joon Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 69. CrossRef
Thyroid Cancer Screening: How to Maximize Its Benefits and Minimize Its Harms
Jung Hwan Baek
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 75. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration
Lairce Cristina Ribeiro Brito, Iara Beatriz De Carvalho Botêlho, Lanna Matos Silva Fernandes, Nayze Lucena Sangreman Aldeman, Uziel Nunes Silva
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research.2023; 11(6): 8. CrossRef

Thyroid
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Coexisting Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Multicenter Study: Jee Hee Yoon, Meihua Jin, Mijin Kim, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Min Ji Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1268-1276. Published online November 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1227

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Background
The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and co-existing thyroid cancer is still controversial and most of the previously reported data have been based on surgically treated GD patients. This study investigated the clinicopathological findings and prognosis of concomitant thyroid cancer in GD patients in the era of widespread application of ultrasonography.
Methods
Data of GD patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2019 in three tertiary hospitals in South Korea (Asan Medical Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, and Pusan National University Hospital) were collected and analyzed retrospectively. In the subgroup analysis, aggressiveness and clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer were compared nodular GD and non-nodular GD groups according to the presence or absence of the thyroid nodules other than thyroid cancer (index nodules).
Results
Of the 15,159 GD patients treated at the hospitals during the study period, 262 (1.7%) underwent thyroidectomy for coexisting thyroid cancer. Eleven patients (4.2%) were diagnosed with occult thyroid cancer and 182 patients (69.5%) had microcarcinomas. No differences in thyroid cancer aggressiveness, ultrasonographic findings, or prognosis were observed between the nodular GD and non-nodular GD groups except the cancer subtype. In the multivariate analysis, only lymph node (LN) metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for recurrent/persistent disease of thyroid cancer arising in GD (P=0.020).
Conclusion
The prevalence of concomitant thyroid cancer in GD patients was considerably lower than in previous reports. The clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer in GD patients were also excellent but, more cautious follow-up is necessary for patients with LN metastasis in the same way as for thyroid cancer in non-GD patients.

Citations

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Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Transoral Versus Open Thyroidectomy for Graves Disease
Suo-Hsien Wang, Wu-Po Chao, Ta-You Lo, Soh-Ching Ng, Yu-Hsien Chen
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2024; 34(2): 150. CrossRef
Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience of 216 Cases
Hanxing Sun, Hui Tong, Xiaohui Shen, Haoji Gao, Jie Kuang, Xi Chen, Qinyu Li, Weihua Qiu, Zhuoran Liu, Jiqi Yan
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(4): 1308. CrossRef
Cancer and Mortality Risks of Graves’ Disease in South Korea Based on National Data from 2010 to 2019
Young Ju Choi, Kyungdo Han, Won Kyoung Cho, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 535. CrossRef
Risk and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Graves’ Disease: An Umbrella Review
Marco Palella, Francesca Maria Giustolisi, Adriana Modica Fiascaro, Martina Fichera, Antonella Palmieri, Rossella Cannarella, Aldo E. Calogero, Margherita Ferrante, Maria Fiore
Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2724. CrossRef
Characteristics, staging and outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with and without Graves’ disease
Chaitra Gopinath, Hanna Crow, Sujata Panthi, Leonidas Bantis, Kenneth D. Burman, Chitra Choudhary
Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology.2023; 33: 100321. CrossRef
Prevalence, Treatment Status, and Comorbidities of Hyperthyroidism in Korea from 2003 to 2018: A Nationwide Population Study
Hwa Young Ahn, Sun Wook Cho, Mi Young Lee, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Hang-Seok Chang, Ka Hee Yi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 436. CrossRef
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Follow-Up Study in Patients with Absence of Aggressive Risk Factors at the Surgery of the Primary Tumor
Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Sonia Vargiu, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
Diagnostics.2023; 13(19): 3068. CrossRef
Table of Contents

Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(2): 48. CrossRef
Predisposition to and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer May Not Be Affected by Graves’ Disease, But Some Questions Still Remain
Yanrui Huang, Haixia Guan
Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(2): 59. CrossRef
A Comparative Follow-Up Study of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated or Not with Graves’ Disease
Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Maria Rondini, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
Diagnostics.2022; 12(11): 2801. CrossRef
An unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as Graves’ disease
Pooja Tiwari, Uma Kaimal Saikia, Abhamoni Baro, Ashok Krishna Bhuyan
Thyroid Research and Practice.2022; 19(1): 47. CrossRef

Corrigendum

Miscellaneous
Corrigendum: Correction of Acknowledgments. Transformation of Mature Osteoblasts into Bone Lining Cells and RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Bone during Mechanical Unloading: A Ram Hong, Kwangsoo Kim, Ji Yeon Lee, Jae-Yeon Yang, Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1314. Published online November 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.601; Corrects: Endocrinol Metab 2020;35(2):456

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Original Articles

Adrenal Gland
Metabolic Subtyping of Adrenal Tumors: Prospective Multi-Center Cohort Study in Korea: Eu Jeong Ku, Chaelin Lee, Jaeyoon Shim, Sihoon Lee, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Yumie Rhee, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Jung Soo Lim, Choon Hee Chung, Sung Wan Chun, Soon-Jib Yoo, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Ho Chan Cho, A Ram Hong, Chang Ho Ahn, Jung Hee Kim, Man Ho Choi; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1131-1141. Published online October 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1149

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Background
Conventional diagnostic approaches for adrenal tumors require multi-step processes, including imaging studies and dynamic hormone tests. Therefore, this study aimed to discriminate adrenal tumors from a single blood sample based on the combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and machine learning algorithms in serum profiling of adrenal steroids.
Methods
The LC-MS-based steroid profiling was applied to serum samples obtained from patients with nonfunctioning adenoma (NFA, n=73), Cushing’s syndrome (CS, n=30), and primary aldosteronism (PA, n=40) in a prospective multicenter study of adrenal disease. The decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) were performed to categorize the subtypes of adrenal tumors.
Results
The CS group showed higher serum levels of 11-deoxycortisol than the NFA group, and increased levels of tetrahydrocortisone (THE), 20α-dihydrocortisol, and 6β-hydroxycortisol were found in the PA group. However, the CS group showed lower levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate derivative (DHEA-S) than both the NFA and PA groups. Patients with PA expressed higher serum 18-hydroxycortisol and DHEA but lower THE than NFA patients. The balanced accuracies of DT, RF, and XGBoost for classifying each type were 78%, 96%, and 97%, respectively. In receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for CS, XGBoost, and RF showed a significantly greater diagnostic power than the DT. However, in ROC analysis for PA, only RF exhibited better diagnostic performance than DT.
Conclusion
The combination of LC-MS-based steroid profiling with machine learning algorithms could be a promising one-step diagnostic approach for the classification of adrenal tumor subtypes.

Citations

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Treating Primary Aldosteronism-Induced Hypertension: Novel Approaches and Future Outlooks
Nathan Mullen, James Curneen, Padraig T Donlon, Punit Prakash, Irina Bancos, Mark Gurnell, Michael C Dennedy
Endocrine Reviews.2024; 45(1): 125. CrossRef
Steroid profiling in adrenal disease
Danni Mu, Dandan Sun, Xia Qian, Xiaoli Ma, Ling Qiu, Xinqi Cheng, Songlin Yu
Clinica Chimica Acta.2024; 553: 117749. CrossRef
Serum and hair steroid profiles in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma undergoing surgery: A prospective observational study
Seung Shin Park, Yong Hwy Kim, Ho Kang, Chang Ho Ahn, Dong Jun Byun, Man Ho Choi, Jung Hee Kim
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2023; 230: 106276. CrossRef
Recent Updates on the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas
Seung Shin Park, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 373. CrossRef
LC-MS based simultaneous profiling of adrenal hormones of steroids, catecholamines, and metanephrines
Jongsung Noh, Chaelin Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Seung Woon Myung, Man Ho Choi
Journal of Lipid Research.2023; 64(11): 100453. CrossRef
2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 597. CrossRef
Toward Systems-Level Metabolic Analysis in Endocrine Disorders and Cancer
Aliya Lakhani, Da Hyun Kang, Yea Eun Kang, Junyoung O. Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 619. CrossRef
Prevalence and Characteristics of Adrenal Tumors in an Unselected Screening Population
Ying Jing, Jinbo Hu, Rong Luo, Yun Mao, Zhixiao Luo, Mingjun Zhang, Jun Yang, Ying Song, Zhengping Feng, Zhihong Wang, Qingfeng Cheng, Linqiang Ma, Yi Yang, Li Zhong, Zhipeng Du, Yue Wang, Ting Luo, Wenwen He, Yue Sun, Fajin Lv, Qifu Li, Shumin Yang
Annals of Internal Medicine.2022; 175(10): 1383. CrossRef

Adrenal Gland
Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism: Ye Seul Yang, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Jee Hee Yoo, Jung Hyun Lee, Seo Young Lee, A Ram Hong, Dong-Hwa Lee, Jung-Min Koh, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):875-884. Published online August 11, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1047

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Background
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is performed to distinguish the subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA). The clinical implication of contralateral suppression (CS; aldosterone/cortisol_nondominantperipheral) at AVS remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of CS and its impact on postoperative outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy.
Methods
In this retrospective observational multi-center study, we analyzed PA patients who underwent both successful adrenocorticotropin hormone-stimulated AVS and unilateral adrenalectomy. Successful cannulation was defined as the selectivity index (cortisol_adrenal/ cortisol_peripheral) ≥3. Clinical and biochemical outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy were evaluated based on the international Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome consensus.
Results
Among 263 patients analyzed, 247 had CS (93.9%). Patients with CS had lower serum potassium levels, higher plasma aldosterone concentration, higher aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR), and larger adenoma size than those without CS. Those with CS showed significantly higher lateralization index than those without CS (P<0.001). Although postoperative blood pressure and ARR significantly decreased in those with CS, clinical and biochemical outcomes were comparable in both groups. When the cut-off value of age was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, patients aged ≥50 years old with contralateral suppression index (CSI; the ratio between aldosterone/cortisol_nondominant and aldosterone/cortisol_peripheral) ≤0.26 had greater odds ratio (6.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 31.69) of incident chronic kidney disease than those aged <50 years with CSI >0.26 after adjusting for other factors.
Conclusion
CS may not predict postoperative clinical and biochemical outcomes in subjects with unilateral aldosterone excess, but it is associated with postsurgical deterioration of renal function in subjects over 50 years with CSI ≤0.26.

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Treatment decision based on unilateral index from nonadrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated and adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism
Xizi Zhang, Xiaoyu Shu, Feifei Wu, Jun Yang, Qingfeng Cheng, Zhipeng Du, Ying Song, Yi Yang, Jinbo Hu, Yue Wang, Qifu Li, Shumin Yang
Journal of Hypertension.2024; 42(3): 450. CrossRef
Prognostic value of contralateral suppression on kidney function after surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism
Nathalie Voss, Sara Mørup, Caroline Clausen, Claus larsen Feltoft, Jan Viberg Jepsen, Mads Hornum, Mikkel Andreassen, Jesper Krogh
Clinical Endocrinology.2023; 98(3): 306. CrossRef
Factors Predicting Long-term Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decrease, a Reliable Indicator of Renal Function After Adrenalectomy in Primary Aldosteronism
Qiyu He, Zhimin Tan, Yu Liu, Liang Zhou
Endocrine Practice.2023; 29(3): 199. CrossRef
Correlation of Histopathologic Subtypes of Primary Aldosteronism with Clinical Phenotypes and Postsurgical Outcomes
Chang Ho Ahn, You-Bin Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic value of contralateral suppression for remission after surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism
Sara Mørup, Nathalie Voss, Caroline Clausen, Claus Larsen Feltoft, Mikkel Andreassen, Jesper Krogh
Clinical Endocrinology.2022; 96(6): 793. CrossRef
Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (Endocrinol Metab 2021;36:875-84, Ye Seul Yang et al.)
Zhimin Tan, Qiyu He, Liang Zhou
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 951. CrossRef
Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (Endocrinol Metab 2021;36:875-84, Ye Seul Yang et al.)
Ye Seul Yang, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 953. CrossRef

Thyroid
Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in Korean Patients: Jee Hee Yoon, Min-ho Shin, Hee Nam Kim, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):599-606. Published online June 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.965

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Background
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has an important role in regulating immune reactions by binding to programmed death 1 (PD-1) on immune cells, which could prevent the exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PD-L1 polymorphism with AITD, including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).
Methods
A total of 189 GD patients, 234 HT patients, and 846 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. We analyzed PD-L1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs822339) and investigated the associations with clinical disease course and outcome.
Results
Genotype frequency at the PD-L1 marker RS822339 in GD (P=0.219) and HT (P=0.764) patients did not differ from that among healthy controls. In patients with GD, the A/G or G/G genotype group demonstrated higher TBII titer (20.6±20.5 vs. 28.0± 25.8, P=0.044) and longer treatment duration (39.0±40.4 months vs. 62.4±65.0 months, P=0.003) compared to the A/A genotype group. Among patients in whom anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody was measured after treatment of GD, post-treatment antiTPO positivity was higher in the A/G or G/G genotype group compared to the A/A genotype group (48.1% vs. 69.9%, P=0.045). Among patients with HT, there was no significant difference of anti-TPO antibody positivity (79.4% vs. 68.6%, P=0.121), anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity (80.9% vs. 84.7%, P=0.661), or development to overt hypothyroidism (68.0% vs. 71.1%, P=0.632) between the A/A genotype group and the A/G or G/G genotype group.
Conclusion
The genotype frequency of PD-L1 (rs822339) is not different in patients with AITD compared with healthy controls. The intact PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in GD and HT might be important to maintain chronicity of AITD by protecting immune tolerance. However, the PD-L1 SNP could be associated with difficulty in achieving remission in patients with GD, which may be helpful to predict the possibility of longer treatment. Further studies are required to investigate the complex immune tolerance system in patients with AITD.

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Special Article

Adrenal gland
Diagnosis for Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Joint Position Statement of the Korean Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Task Force: Eu Jeong Ku, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Chang Ho Ahn, Kyung Ae Lee, Seung Hun Lee, You-Bin Lee, Kyeong Hye Park, Yun Mi Choi, Namki Hong, A Ram Hong, Sang-Wook Kang, Byung Kwan Park, Moon-Woo Seong, Myungshin Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Chan Kwon Jung, Young Seok Cho, Jin Chul Paeng, Jae Hyeon Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Yumie Rhee, Chong Hwa Kim, Eun Jig Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):322-338. Published online April 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.908

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Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGLs) are rare catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors but can be life-threatening. Although most PPGLs are benign, approximately 10% have metastatic potential. Approximately 40% cases are reported as harboring germline mutations. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis of PPGLs is crucial. For more than 130 years, clinical, molecular, biochemical, radiological, and pathological investigations have been rapidly advanced in the field of PPGLs. However, performing diagnostic studies to localize lesions and detect metastatic potential can be still challenging and complicated. Furthermore, great progress on genetics has shifted the paradigm of genetic testing of PPGLs. The Korean PPGL task force team consisting of the Korean Endocrine Society, the Korean Surgical Society, the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine, the Korean Society of Pathologists, and the Korean Society of Laboratory Medicine has developed this position statement focusing on the comprehensive and updated diagnosis for PPGLs.

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Changhwan Sung, Hyo Sang Lee, Dong Yun Lee, Yong-il Kim, Jae Eun Kim, Sang Ju Lee, Seung Jun Oh, Tae-Yon Sung, Yu-Mi Lee, Young Hoon Kim, Beom-Jun Kim, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee, Jin-Sook Ryu
Clinical Nuclear Medicine.2024; 49(1): 27. CrossRef
Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: A Position Statement of the Korean Thyroid Association
A Ram Hong, Ho-Cheol Kang
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Lesion-based indicators predict long-term outcomes of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma– SIZEPASS
Helena Hanschell, Salvador Diaz-Cano, Alfredo Blanes, Nadia Talat, Gabriele Galatá, Simon Aylwin, Klaus Martin Schulte
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Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 435. CrossRef
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Jaroslav Zajíc, Aleš Mokráček, Ladislav Pešl, Jiří Haniš, Dita Schaffelhoferová
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A Ram Hong, Hwa Young Ahn, Bu Kyung Kim, Seong Hee Ahn, So Young Park, Min-Hee Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Ho-Cheol Kang
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Original Articles

Clinical Study
Characteristics of Immune-Related Thyroid Adverse Events in Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: Jee Hee Yoon, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):413-423. Published online April 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.906

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Background
Thyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have been reported in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We investigated the incidence and clinical course of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid IRAEs, and identified predictable clinical risk factors of thyroid IRAEs, in particular, overt hypothyroidism (OH).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 325 cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in a tertiary referral center.
Results
A total of 50.5% (164/325) of patients experienced at least one abnormal thyroid function following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Eighty-four patients (51.2%) of them recovered to normal thyroid function during follow-up. In overall population, 25 patients (7.7%) required thyroid hormone replacement therapy due to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced OH. Patients who progressed to OH showed significantly higher baseline thyroid stimulating hormone level and longer duration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (both P<0.001). Median time interval to the development of OH was 3 months after the therapy. OH was significantly associated with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody at baseline and anti-thyroglobulin antibody during the therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (P=0.015 and P=0.005, respectively). We observed no patients with OH who were able to stop levothyroxine replacement after the cessation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
Conclusion
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunctions are considerably reversible; however, OH is irreversible requiring levothyroxine replacement even after stopping the therapy. Positive thyroid autoantibodies may predict the progression to OH.

Citations

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Thyroid Dysfunction after Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Is Associated with Favorable Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Young Shin Song, Hannah Yang, Beodeul Kang, Jaekyung Cheon, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Won Suk Lee, Yun Beom Sang, Sanghoon Jung, Ho Yeong Lim, Vincent E. Gaillard, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon
Liver Cancer.2024; 13(1): 89. CrossRef
Thyroid dysfunction (TD) induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced lung cancer
Yanling Wang, Xiaoxuan Yang, Jia Ma, Shenglan Chen, Ping Gong, Ping Dai
Heliyon.2024; 10(5): e27077. CrossRef
Non-Invasive Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Ben Ponvilawan, Abdul Wali Khan, Janakiraman Subramanian, Dhruv Bansal
Cancers.2024; 16(6): 1225. CrossRef
Implication of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial-Derived Metabolites in Immune-Related Adverse Events: Emergence of Novel Biomarkers for Cancer Immunotherapy
David Dora, Syeda Mahak Zahra Bokhari, Kenan Aloss, Peter Takacs, Juliane Zsuzsanna Desnoix, György Szklenárik, Patrick Deniz Hurley, Zoltan Lohinai
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(3): 2769. CrossRef
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: An updated understanding of risk factors
Xiangxiao Hu, Lina Wang, Bin Shang, Junren Wang, Jian Sun, Bin Liang, Lili Su, Wenjie You, Shujuan Jiang
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune-related adverse events induced by programmed death protein-1 inhibitors from the perspective of lymphoma immunotherapy
Yong-Zhe Hou, Qin Zhang, Hai Bai, Tao Wu, Ya-Jie Chen
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2023; 11(7): 1458. CrossRef
Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Inhibitor Immune-Related Adverse Events
Iñigo Les, Mireia Martínez, Inés Pérez-Francisco, María Cabero, Lucía Teijeira, Virginia Arrazubi, Nuria Torrego, Ana Campillo-Calatayud, Iñaki Elejalde, Grazyna Kochan, David Escors
Cancers.2023; 15(5): 1629. CrossRef
Immune-related thyroid dysfunctions during anti PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: new evidence from a single centre experience
Alice Nervo, Matteo Ferrari, Giovanni Gruosso, Enrica Migliore, Sara Basile, Valentina D’Angelo, Anna Roux, Alessandro Piovesan, Emanuela Arvat
Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2023; 23(8): 4817. CrossRef
RNA Sequencing Reveals Unique Transcriptomic Signatures of the Thyroid in a Murine Lung Cancer Model Treated with PD-1 and PD-L1 Antibodies
Rena Pollack, Joshua Stokar, Natan Lishinsky, Irina Gurt, Naomi Kaisar-Iluz, Merav E. Shaul, Zvi G. Fridlender, Rivka Dresner-Pollak
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(13): 10526. CrossRef
Immune‐related adverse events after immune check point inhibitors: Understanding the intersection with autoimmunity
Namrata Singh, Anne M. Hocking, Jane H. Buckner
Immunological Reviews.2023; 318(1): 81. CrossRef
Endocrine Side Effects in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review
Nicia I. Profili, Roberto Castelli, Antonio Gidaro, Alessandro Merella, Roberto Manetti, Giuseppe Palmieri, Margherita Maioli, Alessandro P. Delitala
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(15): 5161. CrossRef
Incidence of Endocrine-Related Dysfunction in Patients Treated with New Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review
Won Sang Yoo, Eu Jeong Ku, Eun Kyung Lee, Hwa Young Ahn
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 750. CrossRef
PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Patients With Preexisting Autoimmune Diseases
Ke Zhang, Xiangyi Kong, Yuan Li, Zhongzhao Wang, Lin Zhang, Lixue Xuan
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between the type of thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and prognosis in cancer patients
Han-sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Kabsoo Shin, Jaejun Lee, Heysun Suh, Dong-Jun Lim, Moo Il Kang, Jeonghoon Ha
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Successful Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab with Multisystem Immune-related Adverse Events
Hidemi Hayashi, Koji Sawada, Takumu Hasebe, Shunsuke Nakajima, Jun Sawada, Yuri Takiyama, Yumi Takiyama, Toshikatsu Okumura, Mikihiro Fujiya
Internal Medicine.2022; 61(23): 3497. CrossRef
Immune Related Adverse Events of the Thyroid – A Narrative Review
Christopher A. Muir, Venessa H. M. Tsang, Alexander M. Menzies, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Thyroid-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Alexandra Chera, Andreea Lucia Stancu, Octavian Bucur
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Practical Guide to Identifying High-Risk Patients and Rechallenging Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Adithya Chennamadhavuni, Laith Abushahin, Ning Jin, Carolyn J. Presley, Ashish Manne
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Case 5: A 41-Year-Old Woman With Palpitation
Jiwon Yang, Kabsoo Shin, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim, Han-Sang Baek
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disorders: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
Hyemi Kwon, Eun Roh, Chang Ho Ahn, Hee Kyung Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Jun Sung Moon, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 839. CrossRef
Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Toxicities of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Clinical Studies to a Real-Life Scenario
Calogera Claudia Spagnolo, Giuseppe Giuffrida, Salvatore Cannavò, Tindara Franchina, Nicola Silvestris, Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri, Mariacarmela Santarpia
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Clinical Study
Identification of Novel Genetic Variants Related to Trabecular Bone Score in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Sung Hye Kong, Ji Won Yoon, Jung Hee Kim, JooYong Park, Jiyeob Choi, Ji Hyun Lee, A Ram Hong, Nam H. Cho, Chan Soo Shin; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):801-810. Published online November 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.735

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
As the genetic variants of trabecular bone microarchitecture are not well-understood, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic determinants of bone microarchitecture analyzed by trabecular bone score (TBS).
Methods
TBS-associated genes were discovered in the Ansung cohort (discovery cohort), a community-based rural cohort in Korea, and then validated in the Gene-Environment Interaction and Phenotype (GENIE) cohort (validation cohort), consisting of subjects who underwent health check-up programs. In the discovery cohort, 2,451 participants were investigated for 1.42 million genotyped and imputed markers.
Results
In the validation cohort, identified as significant variants were evaluated in 2,733 participants. An intronic variant in iroquois homeobox 3 (IRX3), rs1815994, was significantly associated with TBS in men (P=3.74E-05 in the discovery cohort, P=0.027 in the validation cohort). Another intronic variant in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MAP2K5), rs11630730, was significantly associated with TBS in women (P=3.05E-09 in the discovery cohort, P=0.041 in the validation cohort). Men with the rs1815994 variant and women with the rs11630730 variant had lower TBS and lumbar spine bone mineral density. The detrimental effects of the rs1815994 variant in men and rs11630730 variant in women were also identified in association analysis (β=–0.0281, β=–0.0465, respectively).
Conclusion
In this study, the rs1815994 near IRX3 in men and rs11630730 near MAP2K5 in women were associated with deterioration of the bone microarchitecture. It is the first study to determine the association of genetic variants with TBS. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and identify additional variants contributing to the trabecular bone microarchitecture.

Clinical Study
Stimulated Salivary Cortisol as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool for Adrenal Insufficiency: Yoon Ji Kim, Jung Hee Kim, A Ram Hong, Kyeong Seon Park, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Seong Yeon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):628-635. Published online September 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.707

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Background
Salivary cortisol is routinely used as a diagnostic test for Cushing syndrome. The diagnostic use of salivary cortisol for adrenal insufficiency (AI), however, is less established. We aimed to investigate the utility of morning basal and adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated salivary cortisol in diagnosing AI in Korean adults.
Methods
We prospectively included 120 subjects (female, n=70) from Seoul National University Hospital. AI was defined as a stimulated serum cortisol level of <496.8 nmol/L during the short Synacthen test (SST). Serum and saliva samples were drawn between 8:00 AM and 10:00 AM. Salivary cortisol levels were measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit.
Results
Thirty-four patients were diagnosed with AI according to the SST results. Age, sex, body mass index, serum albumin levels, and serum creatinine levels did not significantly differ between the normal and AI groups. Basal and stimulated salivary cortisol levels were positively correlated with basal (r=0.538) and stimulated serum cortisol levels (r=0.750), respectively (all P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a cutoff level of morning basal salivary cortisol of 3.2 nmol/L (sensitivity, 84.9%; specificity, 73.5%; area under the curve [AUC]=0.822). The optimal cutoff value of stimulated salivary cortisol was 13.2 nmol/L (sensitivity, 90.7%; specificity, 94.1%; AUC=0.959). Subjects with a stimulated salivary cortisol level above 13.2 nmol/L but a stimulated serum cortisol level below 496.8 nmol/L (n=2) had lower serum albumin levels than those showing a concordant response.
Conclusion
The diagnostic performance of stimulated salivary cortisol measurements after the SST was comparable to serum cortisol measurements for diagnosing AI.

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Endocrine Research
Transformation of Mature Osteoblasts into Bone Lining Cells and RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Bone during Mechanical Unloading: A Ram Hong, Kwangsoo Kim, Ji Yeon Lee, Jae-Yeon Yang, Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):456-469. Published online June 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.456; Correction in: Endocrinol Metab 2021;36(6):1314

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Background
We investigated RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling and the transformation of mature osteoblasts into bone lining cells (BLCs) through a lineage tracing study to better understand the effect of mechanical unloading on bone loss.
Methods
Dmp1-CreERt2(+):Rosa26R mice were injected with 1 mg of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen three times a week starting at postnatal week 7, and subjected to a combination of botulinum toxin injection with left hindlimb tenotomy starting at postnatal week 8 to 10. The animals were euthanized at postnatal weeks 8, 9, 10, and 12. We quantified the number and thickness of X-gal(+) cells on the periosteum of the right and left femoral bones at each time point.
Results
Two weeks after unloading, a significant decrease in the number and a subtle change in the thickness of X-gal(+) cells were observed in the left hindlimbs compared with the right hindlimbs. At 4 weeks after unloading, the decrease in the thickness was accelerated in the left hindlimbs, although the number of labeled cells was comparable. RNA sequencing analysis showed downregulation of 315 genes in the left hindlimbs at 2 and 4 weeks after unloading. Of these, Xirp2, AMPD1, Mettl11b, NEXN, CYP2E1, Bche, Ppp1r3c, Tceal7, and Gadl1 were upregulated during osteoblastogenic/osteocytic and myogenic differentiation in vitro.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that mechanical unloading can accelerate the transformation of mature osteoblasts into BLCs in the early stages of bone loss in vivo. Furthermore, some of the genes involved in this process may have a pleiotropic effect on both bone and muscle.

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Journal of Biological Chemistry.2023; 299(7): 104843. CrossRef
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Clinical Study
Low Predictive Value of FRAX Adjusted by Trabecular Bone Score for Osteoporotic Fractures in Korean Women: A Community-Based Cohort Study: Hana Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Min Joo Kim, A Ram Hong, HyungJin Choi, EuJeong Ku, Ji Hyun Lee, Chan Soo Shin, Nam H. Cho; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):359-366. Published online June 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.359

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Background
The value of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and the trabecular bone score (TBS) for assessing osteoporotic fracture risk has not been fully elucidated in Koreans. We conducted this study to clarify the predictive value of FRAX adjusted by TBS for osteoporotic fractures in Korean women.
Methods
After screening 7,192 eligible subjects from the Ansung cohort, 1,165 women aged 45 to 76 years with available bone mineral density (BMD) and TBS data were enrolled in this study. We assessed their clinical risk factors for osteoporotic fractures and evaluated the predictive value of FRAX with or without BMD and TBS.
Results
During the mean follow-up period of 7.5 years, 99 (8.5%) women suffered major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) and 28 (2.4%) experienced hip fractures. FRAX without BMD, BMD-adjusted FRAX, and TBS-adjusted FRAX were significantly associated with the risk of MOFs (hazard ratio [HR] per percent increase, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.14; HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.15; and HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.13, respectively). However, BMD-adjusted FRAX and TBS-adjusted FRAX did not predict MOFs better than FRAX without BMD based on the Harrell’s C statistic. FRAX probabilities showed limited value for predicting hip fractures. The cut-off values of FRAX without BMD, FRAX with BMD, and FRAX with BMD adjusted by TBS for predicting MOFs were 7.2%, 5.0%, and 6.7%, respectively.
Conclusion
FRAX with BMD and TBS adjustment did not show better predictive value for osteoporotic fractures in this study than FRAX without adjustment. Moreover, the cut-off values of FRAX probabilities for treatment might be lower in Korean women than in other countries.

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Review Article

Bone Metabolism
Effects of Resistance Exercise on Bone Health: A Ram Hong, Sang Wan Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(4):435-444. Published online November 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.4.435

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The prevalence of chronic diseases including osteoporosis and sarcopenia increases as the population ages. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are commonly associated with genetics, mechanical factors, and hormonal factors and primarily associated with aging. Many older populations, particularly those with frailty, are likely to have concurrent osteoporosis and sarcopenia, further increasing their risk of disease-related complications. Because bones and muscles are closely interconnected by anatomy, metabolic profile, and chemical components, a diagnosis should be considered for both sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which may be treated with optimal therapeutic interventions eliciting pleiotropic effects on both bones and muscles. Exercise training has been recommended as a promising therapeutic strategy to encounter the loss of bone and muscle mass due to osteosarcopenia. To stimulate the osteogenic effects for bone mass accretion, bone tissues must be exposed to mechanical load exceeding those experienced during daily living activities. Of the several exercise training programs, resistance exercise (RE) is known to be highly beneficial for the preservation of bone and muscle mass. This review summarizes the mechanisms of RE for the preservation of bone and muscle mass and supports the clinical evidences for the use of RE as a therapeutic option in osteosarcopenia.

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Journal of Clinical Densitometry.2024; 27(2): 101467. CrossRef
The Relationship Among Probable SARCopenia, Osteoporosis and SuprasPinatus Tendon Tears in Postmenopausal Women: The SARCOSP Study
Murat Kara, Özgür Kara, Mahmut Esad Durmuş, Pelin Analay, Fatıma Edibe Şener, Beyza Nur Çıtır, Gizem Olgu Korkmaz, Zeliha Ünlü, Tülay Tiftik, Eda Gürçay, Cevriye Mülkoğlu, Berkay Yalçınkaya, Fatih Bağcıer, Mahmud Fazıl Aksakal, Kübra Erdoğan, Ahmet Sertçe
Calcified Tissue International.2024; 114(4): 340. CrossRef
Low Bone Mass in Ambulatory Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Proactive Approach for an Often-Overlooked Impairment
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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(5): 1336. CrossRef
Predictors of Hand Grip Strength in Adults Without Sarcopenia: Data From the NHANES, 2013–2014
Mansour M Alotaibi
Current Developments in Nutrition.2024; : 102149. CrossRef
Why don't women engage in muscle strength exercise? An integrative review
A. M. Stimson, C. Anderson, A.‐M. Holt, A. J. Henderson
Health Promotion Journal of Australia.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
From Cells to Environment: Exploring the Interplay between Factors Shaping Bone Health and Disease
Samradhi Singh, Devojit Kumar Sarma, Vinod Verma, Ravinder Nagpal, Manoj Kumar
Medicina.2023; 59(9): 1546. CrossRef
Effect of resistance exercise on bone health of old aged individuals: Review
A. Khanna
Science & Sports.2023; 38(4): 323. CrossRef
Relationship between physical exercise and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): systematic review
Robson Chacon Castoldi, Juliana Cristina de Ângelo, Thiago Teixeira Pereira, Rodrigo Martins Dias, Fábio Juliano Negrão
Sport Sciences for Health.2023; 19(1): 55. CrossRef
Impact of Physical Rehabilitation on Bone Biomarkers in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Alessandro de Sire, Lorenzo Lippi, Nicola Marotta, Arianna Folli, Dario Calafiore, Stefano Moalli, Alessio Turco, Antonio Ammendolia, Nicola Fusco, Marco Invernizzi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(2): 921. CrossRef
Does wing use and disuse cause behavioural and musculoskeletal changes in domestic fowl ( Gallus gallus domesticus )?
Renée C. Garant, Bret W. Tobalske, Neila Ben Sassi, Nienke van Staaveren, Dan Tulpan, Tina Widowski, Donald R. Powers, Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek
Royal Society Open Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Increased fat mass negatively influences femoral neck bone mineral density in men but not women
Nipith Charoenngam, Caroline M. Apovian, Chatlert Pongchaiyakul
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: A Systematic Review
Alberto Sánchez Pastor, Carlos García-Sánchez, Moisés Marquina Nieto, Alfonso de la Rubia
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(6): 4833. CrossRef
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Multiple Exercise-Regulated Bone Homeostasis
Haoyang Gao, Yilong Zhao, Linlin Zhao, Zhikun Wang, Kai Yan, Bo Gao, Lingli Zhang
Aging and disease.2023; 14(5): 1555. CrossRef
Kadınlarda Fiziksel Aktivite ve Egzersizin Osteoporozu Önleme ve Tedavi Edici Rolü
Sümena HAREKET, İlknur NAZ GÜRŞAN
Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi.2023; 8(1): 73. CrossRef
Osteosarcopenia as a satellite of aging
B. I. Isaeva, K. M. Alieva-Kharkharova
Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2023; 17(9): 130. CrossRef
Examining Physical Wellness as the Fundamental Element for Achieving Holistic Well-Being in Older Persons: Review of Literature and Practical Application in Daily Life
Sheng-Te Hung, Yi-Chen Cheng, Chieh-Chen Wu, Chun-Hsien Su
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2023; Volume 16: 1889. CrossRef
Effects of Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Nutritional Approaches on Body Composition and Bone Density in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Natascia Rinaldo, Alba Pasini, Sofia Straudi, Giovanni Piva, Anna Crepaldi, Andrea Baroni, Lorenzo Caruso, Fabio Manfredini, Nicola Lamberti
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology.2023; 8(3): 132. CrossRef
Changes in Desk-Based Workers’ Sitting, Standing, and Stepping Time: Short- and Longer-Term Effects on Musculoskeletal Pain
FRANCIS Q. S. DZAKPASU, NEVILLE OWEN, ALISON CARVER, CHRISTIAN J. BRAKENRIDGE, ELIZABETH G. EAKIN, GENEVIEVE N. HEALY, ANTHONY D. LAMONTAGNE, MARJ MOODIE, PIETER COENEN, LEON STRAKER, DAVID W. DUNSTAN
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.2023; 55(12): 2241. CrossRef
Shared decision making in sarcopenia treatment
Kang An, Zengxiang Wu, Yu Qiu, Mengjia Pan, Lin Zhang, Zhenmei An, Shuangqing Li
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of combined traditional Chinese medicine therapy in patients of lower limbs injuries with osteoporosis: A retrospective paired cohort study
Yu-Hua Lu, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chien-Jung Lin, Li-Jen Tsai, Kuang-Chung Shih, Chieh-Hua Lu, Wu-Chien Chien
Medicine.2023; 102(49): e36489. CrossRef
The theory of planned behavior and strength training in college-aged women
Diana Cuy Castellanos, Corinne M. Daprano, Clarissa Blevins, Anne Crecelius
Journal of American College Health.2022; 70(3): 837. CrossRef
The effect of exercise for improving bone health in cancer survivors — A systematic review and meta-analysis
Benjamin Singh, Kellie Toohey
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport.2022; 25(1): 31. CrossRef
The role of estrogens in osteosarcopenia: from biology to potential dual therapeutic effects
A. Mandelli, E. Tacconi, I. Levinger, G. Duque, A. Hayes
Climacteric.2022; 25(1): 81. CrossRef
Changes in blood bone markers after the first and second bouts of whole‐body eccentric exercises
Tsang‐Hai Huang, Kazunori Nosaka, Trevor C. Chen
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports.2022; 32(3): 521. CrossRef
Questions Individuals with Cardiac Conditions Engaging in Exercise often Ask Health Fitness Professionals: Research-Based Responses
Kirk D. Hendrickson, Cindy Haskin-Popp, Barry A. Franklin
ACSM'S Health & Fitness Journal.2022; 26(2): 29. CrossRef
Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Kidney Diseases
Hamid Arazi, Majid Mohabbat, Payam Saidie, Akram Falahati, Katsuhiko Suzuki
Sports.2022; 10(3): 42. CrossRef
Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes
Irina Kalabiska, Annamaria Zsakai, Dorina Annar, Robert M. Malina, Tamas Szabo
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5083. CrossRef
A pas de deux of osteoporosis and sarcopenia: osteosarcopenia
O. V. Yakushevskaya, S. V. Yureneva, V. I. Komedina
Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2022; (6): 116. CrossRef
The Effect of Endurance and Endurance-Strength Training on Bone Health and Body Composition in Centrally Obese Women—A Randomised Pilot Trial
Małgorzata Jamka, Sylwia E. Piotrowska-Brudnicka, Joanna Karolkiewicz, Damian Skrypnik, Paweł Bogdański, Judyta Cielecka-Piontek, Gulnara Sultanova, Jarosław Walkowiak, Edyta Mądry
Healthcare.2022; 10(5): 821. CrossRef
Kinematic and Kinetic Characteristics of Repetitive Countermovement Jumps with Accentuated Eccentric Loading
Micah Gross, Jan Seiler, Bastien Grédy, Fabian Lüthy
Sports.2022; 10(5): 74. CrossRef
Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review on Clinical Studies
Angela Polito, Lorenzo Barnaba, Donatella Ciarapica, Elena Azzini
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(10): 5591. CrossRef
Efficacy of Bracing on Thoracic Kyphotic Angle and Functionality in Women with Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review
Beatriz Sánchez-Pinto-Pinto, Carlos Romero-Morales, Daniel López-López, Carmen de-Labra, Guillermo García-Pérez-de-Sevilla
Medicina.2022; 58(6): 693. CrossRef
Are There Any Differences Between the Effect of Resistance and Aerobic Training on Spatial Learning and Memory in the Rat Model of AD?
Khadijeh Ebrahimi, Behrouz Baghaiee
Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis and Vascularization in Mice
Takeshi Matsumoto, Akihiro Mukohara
Calcified Tissue International.2022; 111(5): 535. CrossRef
Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis
Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Ana Voltes-Martínez, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo, María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Elena López-Ruiz
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(16): 9465. CrossRef
Methodological Proposal for Strength and Power Training in Older Athletes: A Narrative Review
Emilio Jofré-Saldía, Álvaro Villalobos-Gorigoitía, Gemma Gea-García
Current Aging Science.2022; 15(2): 135. CrossRef
Robotic Walking to Mitigate Bone Mineral Density Decline and Adverse Body Composition in Individuals With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Claire Shackleton, Robert Evans, Sacha West, Wayne Derman, Yumna Albertus
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2022; 101(10): 931. CrossRef
Exploration of Aging-Care Parameters to Predict Mortality of Patients Aged 80-Years and Above with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chunxin Lv, Wen Shi, Teng Pan, Houshen Li, Weixiong Peng, Jiayi Xu, Jinhai Deng
Clinical Interventions in Aging.2022; Volume 17: 1379. CrossRef
Pharmacological, Nutritional, and Rehabilitative Interventions to Improve the Complex Management of Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review
Alessandro de Sire, Lorenzo Lippi, Vittorio Aprile, Dario Calafiore, Arianna Folli, Francesco D’Abrosca, Stefano Moalli, Marco Lucchi, Antonio Ammendolia, Marco Invernizzi
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(10): 1626. CrossRef
Resistance circuit training combined with hypoxia stimulates bone system of older adults: A randomized trial
Alba Camacho-Cardenosa, Marta Camacho-Cardenosa, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Alejo Leal, José María Villa Andrada, Rafael Timón
Experimental Gerontology.2022; 169: 111983. CrossRef
Effects of Strength Training on BDNF in Healthy Young Adults
Miroslaw Babiarz, Radoslaw Laskowski, Tomasz Grzywacz
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 13795. CrossRef
Celecoxib impairs primary human myoblast proliferation and differentiation independent of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition
Ronald W. Matheny, Alexander L. Kolb, Alyssa V. Geddis, Brandon M. Roberts
Physiological Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse femoral bone achieved by anti-osteoporosis exercise interventions
Miao Zhang, Yuexuan Li, Lifei Liu, Mei Huang, Miao Wang, Jun Zou
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Federica Vita, Sebastiano Gangemi, Giovanni Pioggia, Fabio Trimarchi, Debora Di Mauro
Medicina.2022; 58(6): 767. CrossRef
Sclerostin as a biomarker of physical exercise in osteoporosis: A narrative review
Anna Oniszczuk, Agnieszka Kaczmarek, Mateusz Kaczmarek, Maria Ciałowicz, Ersan Arslan, Ana Filipa Silva, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Exercise and Bone Health in Cancer: Enemy or Ally?
Alice Avancini, Giulia Benato, Anita Borsati, Luca Oliviero, Lorenzo Belluomini, Marco Sposito, Daniela Tregnago, Ilaria Trestini, Jessica Insolda, Francesca Zacchi, Elena Fiorio, Federico Schena, Michele Milella, Sara Pilotto
Cancers.2022; 14(24): 6078. CrossRef
Composite Indices of Femoral Neck Strength in Middle-Aged Inactive Subjects Vs Former Football Players
Boutros Finianos, Gautier Zunquin, Rawad El Hage
Journal of Clinical Densitometry.2021; 24(2): 214. CrossRef
Relationship between bone strength index of the hemiparetic tibial diaphysis and muscle strength in people with chronic stroke: influence of muscle contraction type and speed
Z. Yang, T. Miller, M. Y. C. Pang
Osteoporosis International.2021; 32(5): 951. CrossRef
Effect of 12 months of creatine supplementation and whole-body resistance training on measures of bone, muscle and strength in older males
Darren G Candow, Philip D Chilibeck, Julianne Gordon, Emelie Vogt, Tim Landeryou, Mojtaba Kaviani, Lisa Paus-Jensen
Nutrition and Health.2021; 27(2): 151. CrossRef
Effects of 6-Month Multimodal Physical Exercise Program on Bone Mineral Density, Fall Risk, Balance, and Gait in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Controlled Clinical Trial
A. Silvia Puente-González, M. Carmen Sánchez-Sánchez, Eduardo J. Fernández-Rodríguez, J. Elicio Hernández-Xumet, Fausto J. Barbero-Iglesias, Roberto Méndez-Sánchez
Brain Sciences.2021; 11(1): 63. CrossRef
Resistance Training Modulates the Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity in Different Trabecular Bones in Aged Rats
Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto, João Luiz Quaglioti Durigan, Gonçalo Carreiro de Farias Junior, Fabio Henrique Bogni, Amanda Lima Ruivo, Juliana Oliveira de Araújo, Keico Okino Nonaka, Heloísa Selistre-de-Araújo, Rita de Cássia Marqueti
Clinical Interventions in Aging.2021; Volume 16: 71. CrossRef
Resistance Exercise in Prostate Cancer Patients: a Short Review
Andrej Zdravkovic, Timothy Hasenoehrl, Richard Crevenna
Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports.2021; 9(1): 32. CrossRef
Sturz, Sarkopenie und Osteoporose
Marcus Köller
Journal für Mineralstoffwechsel & Muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen.2021; 28(1): 19. CrossRef
Effects of marathon race on selected myokines and sclerostin in middle-aged male amateur runners
Ewa Śliwicka, Tomasz Cisoń, Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak, Andrzej Ziemba, Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Lower extremity joint loading during Bounce rope skip in comparison to run and walk
Rajani Mullerpatan, Triveni Shetty, Yuvraj Singh, Bela Agarwal
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2021; 26: 1. CrossRef
Powerlifting exercise performance and muscle mass indices and their relationship with bone mineral density
Daniel A. Hackett, Angelo Sabag
Sport Sciences for Health.2021; 17(3): 735. CrossRef
Physical Activity and Bone Health in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Maureen C. Ashe, Isis Kelly dos Santos, Nicola Y. Edward, Laura A. Burnett, Rosanne Barnes, Lena Fleig, Joseph H. Puyat, Joanna E. M. Sale, Heather A. McKay, Lora M Giangregorio
Journal of Bone Metabolism.2021; 28(1): 27. CrossRef
Pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis: challenges for clinical practice in older people
J. Barnsley, G. Buckland, P. E. Chan, A. Ong, A. S. Ramos, M. Baxter, F. Laskou, E. M. Dennison, C. Cooper, Harnish P. Patel
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Sarcopenia and Bone Mass Loss as Risks during Aging on Female Elderly with Light Activity
Yoni Astuti, Zulkhah Noor, Rahmah Rahmah
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2021; 9(T4): 168. CrossRef
Effect of intradialytic exercise on bone profile in hemodialysis patients
Howaida Abdelhameed Elshinnawy, Ahmed Mohamed Bakr Bakr Mohamed, Dina Abou Bakr Farrag, Moustafa Abd Elnassier AbdElgawad
Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Osteoporosis guidelines from a rehabilitation perspective: systematic analysis and quality appraisal using AGREE II
Giovanni IOLASCON, Alessandro de SIRE, Claudio CURCI, Marco PAOLETTA, Sara LIGUORI, Dario CALAFIORE, Francesca GIMIGLIANO, Antimo MORETTI
European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A Case Study of an 87-Year-Old Male Bodybuilder with Complex Health Conditions
Daniel A. Hackett, Lachlan Mitchell, Guy C. Wilson, Trinidad Valenzuela, Matthew Hollings, Maria Fiatarone Singh
Medicina.2021; 57(7): 664. CrossRef
Frailty Pathogenesis, Assessment, and Management in Older Adults With COVID-19
Quan She, Bo Chen, Wen Liu, Min Li, Weihong Zhao, Jianqing Wu
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimization of transdisciplinary management of elderly with femur proximal extremity fracture: A patient-tailored plan from orthopaedics to rehabilitation
Alessandro de Sire, Marco Invernizzi, Alessio Baricich, Lorenzo Lippi, Antonio Ammendolia, Federico Alberto Grassi, Massimiliano Leigheb
World Journal of Orthopedics.2021; 12(7): 456. CrossRef
International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines
Mikel Izquierdo, R.A. Merchant, J.E. Morley, S.D. Anker, I. Aprahamian, H. Arai, M. Aubertin-Leheudre, R. Bernabei, E.L. Cadore, M. Cesari, L.-K. Chen, P. de Souto Barreto, G. Duque, L. Ferrucci, R.A. Fielding, A. García-Hermoso, L.M. Gutiérrez-Robledo, S
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Intra-bone nuclear DNA variability and STR typing success in Second World War first ribs
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International Journal of Legal Medicine.2021; 135(6): 2199. CrossRef
Can Resistance Exercise Be a Tool for Healthy Aging in Post-Menopausal Women with Type 1 Diabetes?
Zeinab Momeni, Jessica E. Logan, Ronald J. Sigal, Jane E. Yardley
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8716. CrossRef
Role of the Myokine Irisin on Bone Homeostasis: Review of the Current Evidence
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Prevalence and Correlates of Muscle-Strengthening Activity Participation in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study in a National Representative Sample of 4561 Adults
Hrvoje Radašević, Jelena Čvrljak, Željko Pedišić, Danijel Jurakić
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(17): 8905. CrossRef
Intra-bone nuclear DNA variability and STR typing success in Second World War 12th thoracic vertebrae
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Forensic Science International: Genetics.2021; 55: 102587. CrossRef
Vascular Ageing and Aerobic Exercise
Michaela Kozakova, Carlo Palombo
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(20): 10666. CrossRef
Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training on Area and Density of Bone and Muscle in Older Adults
DARREN G. CANDOW, PHILIP D. CHILIBECK, JULIANNE J. GORDON, SAIJA KONTULAINEN
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.2021; 53(11): 2388. CrossRef
Perspectives of personalized approach to prevention and treatment of anticonvulsant-induced osteoporosis via action on vitamin D exchange and VDR expression
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Bone health in adolescence
Maria R. AMBROSIO, Ludovica ALIBERTI, Irene GAGLIARDI, Paola FRANCESCHETTI, Maria C. ZATELLI
Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
To Evaluate the Awareness and Prevention of Osteoporosis in Patients Attending Orthopaedics Outdoor Clinics in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Annie Sandhu, Dharminder Singh, Akashdeep Singh, Kuldip Singh Sand
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Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Spinal Sarcopenia and Related Therapeutic Approaches: A Narrative Review
Yu-Kai Kuo, Yu-Ching Lin, Ching-Yu Lee, Chih-Yu Chen, Jowy Tani, Tsung-Jen Huang, Hsi Chang, Meng-Huang Wu
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Multifactorial effects of hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia and inflammation on bone remodelling in type 2 diabetes mellitus
V.A. Shahen, M. Gerbaix, S. Koeppenkastrop, S.F. Lim, K.E. McFarlane, Amanda N.L. Nguyen, X.Y. Peng, N.B. Weiss, T.C. Brennan-Speranza
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Effect of pre-treatment of strength training and raloxifene in periestropause on bone healing
Melise Jacon Peres-Ueno, Fernanda Fernandes, Victor Gustavo Balera Brito, Ângela Cristina Nicola, Camila Tami Stringhetta-Garcia, Robson Chacon Castoldi, Amanda Pinatti Menezes, Paulo Cézar Ciarlini, Mário Jeferson Quirino Louzada, Sandra Helena Penha Oli
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RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway: A Mechanism Involved in Exercise-Induced Bone Remodeling
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BioMed Research International.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Effects of muscular strength training and growth hormone (GH) supplementation on femoral bone tissue: analysis by Raman spectroscopy, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and mechanical resistance
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Lasers in Medical Science.2020; 35(2): 345. CrossRef
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Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2020; 32(9): 1629. CrossRef
The Impact of Exercise on Bone Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—a Systematic Review
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Transformation of Mature Osteoblasts into Bone Lining Cells and RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Bone during Mechanical Unloading
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Physical Exercise Potentials Against Viral Diseases Like COVID-19 in the Elderly
Sandra Amatriain-Fernández, Thomas Gronwald, Eric Murillo-Rodríguez, Claudio Imperatori, Alexandre Francisco Solano, Alexandra Latini, Henning Budde
Frontiers in Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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European Geriatric Medicine.2020; 11(5): 715. CrossRef
Mediating role of physical fitness and fat mass on the associations between physical activity and bone health in youth
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Impact of physical activity and exercise on bone health in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of observational and experimental studies
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BMC Nephrology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Short and medium-term effects of a multicomponent physical exercise program with a Mediterranean diet on bone mineral density, gait, balance, and fall risk for patients with Alzheimer disease
Ana Silvia Puente-González, Felipe Sánchez-González, Juan Elicio Hernández-Xumet, María Carmen Sánchez-Sánchez, Fausto José Barbero-Iglesias, Roberto Méndez-Sánchez
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Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss
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GeroScience.2020; 42(6): 1547. CrossRef
Acute Effects of Two Types of Dumbbell Exercise on Oxygenated Hemodynamic Concentration of Cerebral Activation in Healthy Young Male Adults: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Yana Wang, Jiaojiao Lü, Jifeng Rong, Linjie Song, Wei Wang, Yifan Jiang, Yu Liu, Lingyan Huang
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Muscle-Derived Lumican Stimulates Bone Formation via Integrin α2β1 and the Downstream ERK Signal
Jin Young Lee, So Jeong Park, Da Ae Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Jung-Min Koh, Beom-Jun Kim
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Age-Based Bone Mineral Density in the Korean Adult Population Using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Jung Chul Lee, Chong Hoon Lee, Dong Wha Chung, Hee Joo Lee, Jae Yong Park
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Preventive Moderate Continuous Running-Exercise Conditioning Improves the Healing of Non-Critical Size Bone Defects in Male Wistar Rats: A Pilot Study Using µCT
Céline Bourzac, Morad Bensidhoum, Mathieu Manassero, Christine Chappard, Nicolas Michoux, Stéphane Pallu, Hugues Portier
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BONE MINERAL DENSITY: AN ANALYSIS OF WEIGHT BEARING, RESISTANCE AND IMPACT PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
Arvind Malik, Sonia Malik, Vishal Dahiya
PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH.2020; : 1. CrossRef
Effects of ursolic acid on muscle mass and bone microstructure in rats with casting-induced muscle atrophy
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Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
Emanuela A. Greco, Peter Pietschmann, Silvia Migliaccio
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations of Health-Related Quality of Life, Fear of Falling and Objective Measures of Physical Function with Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass
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